🔬 Nanofluid tapes boost heat transfer performance
Researchers studied the thermo-hydraulic performance of twisted-tape inserts with MWCNT–Fe3O4 hybrid nanofluids. This study was conducted using plain tube and twisted-tape geometries across various flow velocities and inlet temperatures. The TT-90° configuration showed the best performance, yielding a 39.8% net improvement at Re = 5000. The hybrid nanofluid helped heat transfer but also added hydraulic resistance compared to distilled water. Overall, combining nanofluid and high-angle tapes gives superior thermo-hydraulic results, especially at lower flow rates.