india π’ Madras's masula boatmen kept the city running
Masula boatmen were crucial for Madras's trade by ferrying passengers and goods from anchored ships to the shore. They operated in areas like Maquaskuppam before a proper harbor was established. These boatmen charged high rates and went on strike when the government tried to regulate them. A harbor construction finally began in 1875 but faced numerous setbacks. By the late 1890s, the new harbor was operational, marking the end of the boatmen's era. π’