π India's mineral push for clean energy and defence π
Critical minerals are crucial for India's clean energy, defence, and tech goals, driving a focus on domestic refining and global ties. China currently dominates the refining of key minerals like rare earths and graphite, posing a major geopolitical risk. India aims for 169 million tonnes of these minerals by 2070 under its Net-Zero scenario. Policies like the National Critical Mineral Mission target 1,200 exploration projects by 2030-31. The country is now pushing for midstream refining incentives and forming alliances like the IndiaβU.S. framework.